Everything about Quadruple Bond totally explained
A
quadruple bond is a type of
chemical bond between two
atoms involving 8
electrons. This bond is an extension of the more familiar types
double bonds and
triple bonds . Stable quadruple bonds are most common among the middle members
transition metal elements such
rhenium,
tungsten,
molybdenum, and
chromium. Typically the ligands that support quadruple bonds are π-donors, not π-acceptors.
Chromium(II) acetate, Cr
2(μ-O
2CMe)
4(H
2O)
2, was the first chemical compound containing a quadruple bond to be synthesized. It was described in 1844 by
E. Peligot, although its distinctive bonding wasn't recognized for more than a century. The quadruple bond was first characterized in potassium octachlorodirhenate(III) or K
2[Re
2Cl
8]·2H
2O by
F.A. Cotton in 1964. The rhenium-rhenium
bond length in this compound is only 2.24
Angstrom. In the terminology of
molecular orbital theory, the bonding is described as σ
2π
4δ
2 with one
sigma bond, two
π bonds and one
delta bond. The strength of the delta bond is a matter of debate. The
bond order for the [Re
2Cl
8]
2− is calculated to be 3.2, not 4.
Many other compounds with quadruple bonds have been described, often by Cotton and his coworkers. Isoelectronic with the dirhenium compound is the salt K
4[Mo
2Cl
8]. An example of a ditungsten compound with a quadruple bond is
di-tungsten tetra(hpp).
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